[263], After forcing back the Somalis, Mengistu then ordered the Ethiopians to suppress the Eritrean People's Liberation Front, a measure Castro refused to support. in front of foreign journalists, while Cuba became the first Latin American nation to beat the U.S. to the top of the gold-medal table. [226], Castro's increasing role on the world stage strained his relationship with the USSR, now under the leadership of Leonid Brezhnev. Profil na stronie FIFA.com [291] Castro became passionate in his denunciation of the Third World debt problem, arguing that the Third World would never escape the debt that First World banks and governments imposed upon it. A number of economic changes were proposed, and subsequently put to a national referendum. [376] In late October 2016, Castro met with the Portuguese president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa, who became one of the last foreign leaders to meet him. Han styrde Kuba först som premiärminister 1959–1976 och därefter som president från 1976 till 2008. [48] Batista moved to the right, solidifying ties with both the wealthy elite and the United States, severing diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union, suppressing trade unions and persecuting Cuban socialist groups. [225] From this conference, Castro created the Latin American Solidarity Organization (OLAS), which adopted the slogan of "The duty of a revolution is to make revolution", signifying Havana's leadership of Latin America's revolutionary movement. Fidel Castro [f i d ɛ l k a s t ʁ o] [c] (en espagnol : [f i ˈ ð e l ˈ k a s t ɾ o] [d] Écouter), né le 13 août 1926 à Birán (dans la province de Holguín) et mort le 25 novembre 2016 à La Havane, est un révolutionnaire et homme d'État cubain. Policies introducing central economic planning and expanding healthcare and education were accompanied by state control of the press and the suppression of internal dissent. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (13. august 1926 Kuuba, Biráni lähedal – 25. november 2016 Havanna) oli Kuuba poliitik.Ta oli 1959–1976 Kuuba peaminister ning aastatel 1976–2008 Kuuba Riiginõukogu ja Ministrite Nõukogu esimees. [96] They began launching raids on small army posts to obtain weaponry, and in January 1957 they overran the outpost at La Plata, treating any soldiers that they wounded but executing Chicho Osorio, the local mayoral (land company overseer), who was despised by the local peasants and who boasted of killing one of Castro's rebels. [279] In late 1981, Castro publicly accused the U.S. of biological warfare against Cuba by orchestrating a dengue fever epidemic. [385], Castro's government was also nationalistic, with Castro declaring, "We are not only Marxist-Leninists, but also nationalists and patriots". [321] Although he viewed the Roman Catholic Church as a reactionary, pro-capitalist institution, Castro organized a visit to Cuba by Pope John Paul II for January 1998; it strengthened the position of both the Cuban Church and Castro's government. In discussions with his colleagues or foreigners, he would repeat the same things over again on a continuous loop until they were convinced he was right. The greatest threat presented by Castro's Cuba is as an example to other Latin American states which are beset by poverty, corruption, feudalism, and plutocratic exploitation ... his influence in Latin America might be overwhelming and irresistible if, with Soviet help, he could establish in Cuba a Communist utopia. [178], Castro proclaimed the new administration a direct democracy, in which Cubans could assemble at demonstrations to express their democratic will. Under his administration, Cuba became a one-party communist state; industry and business were nationalized, and state socialist reforms were implemented throughout society. He then pushed Urrutia to issue a temporary ban on political parties; he repeatedly said that they would eventually hold multiparty elections. [174], Back in Cuba, Castro feared a U.S.-backed coup; in 1959 his regime spent $120 million on Soviet, French, and Belgian weaponry and by early 1960 had doubled the size of Cuba's armed forces. [49] Intent on opposing Batista, Castro brought several legal cases against the government, but these came to nothing, and Castro began thinking of alternate ways to oust the regime. [52] From July 1952 they went on a recruitment drive, gaining around 1,200 members in a year, the majority from Havana's poorer districts. He spent most of his time under their protection and were usually his companions in his personal interests. Dinner was his primary meal, consisting of grilled fish, chicken, mutton, or even pata negra ham on special occasions along with a large serving of green vegetables, but was prevented from eating beef or coffee by his dietician. [436], Castro's most iconic public feature eventually became the Cuban Cigar that he smoked on a daily basis. [311] He ceased support for foreign militants, refrained from praising FARC on a 1994 visit to Colombia and called for a negotiated settlement between the Zapatistas and Mexican government in 1995. Castro was sentenced on 16 October, during which he delivered a speech that would be printed under the title of History Will Absolve Me. In contrast, his former public criticisms had centered on condemning corruption and U.S. [413] Castro was a voracious reader; amongst his favorite authors were Ernest Hemingway, Franz Kafka, William Shakespeare, and Maxim Gorky and listed For Whom the Bell Tolls and The Old Man and the Sea as his favorite books, committing several portions of the book to memory and even utilizing some of its lessons as a guerilla fighter. [38] Castro volunteered to deliver a speech for the Movement on 13 November, exposing the government's secret deals with the gangs and identifying key members. [277] In one incident, 10,000 Cubans stormed the Peruvian Embassy requesting asylum, and so the U.S. agreed that it would accept 3,500 refugees. [274] For the first time, unemployment became a serious problem in Castro's Cuba, with the government sending unemployed youth to other countries, primarily East Germany, to work there. "The making of a revolutionary: A Fidel Castro bibliography" , CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (, Central Committee of the Communist Party of Cuba, Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, revolutionaries against the Western-backed government, Tri-Continental Conference of Africa, Asia and Latin America, Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, Fidel Ángel "Fidelito" Castro Díaz-Balart, List of awards and honours bestowed upon Fidel Castro, United States Interests Section in Havana, wide variety of awards and honors from foreign governments, Random House Webster's Unabridged Dictionary, "Por vez primera en México se exhibe el testimonio fotográfico del Che Guevara", "Raul Antonio Chibás: Manifiesto Sierra Maestra", "Setting Up the Scapegoat Who Will Be Blamed for Cuba? [405] In private though, Castro was actually extremely skilled at keeping his anger in check and not allowing it to affect his judgement, simply becoming cold and withdrawn. [284] Castro supported the leftist New Jewel Movement that seized power in Grenada in 1979, befriending Grenadine President Maurice Bishop and sending doctors, teachers, and technicians to aid the country's development. [53] Although a revolutionary socialist, Castro avoided an alliance with the communist Popular Socialist Party (PSP), fearing it would frighten away political moderates, but kept in contact with PSP members like his brother Raúl. I speak on the behalf of the sick who have no medicine, of those whose rights to life and human dignity have been denied. Adopting a Marxist–Leninist model of development, Castro converted Cuba into a one-party, socialist state under Communist Party rule, the first in the Western Hemisphere. [490] Bourne described Castro as "an influential world leader" who commanded "great respect" from individuals of all political ideologies across the developing world. Castro integrou a Seleção Mexicana de Futebol na Copa América de 2007. He was infuriated that the government had left thousands unemployed by closing down casinos and brothels. Castro's goal in the World Cup Final helped Uruguay win the first FIFA World Cup in 1930. Sanchez disputes this, saying that his doctor had Castro reduce his Cigar usage starting 1980 and quit entirely in 1983 after a cancerous ulcer was found in his intestine. [324] By 2006, Cuba was the world's only nation which met the United Nations Development Programme's definition of sustainable development, with an ecological footprint of less than 1.8 hectares per capita and a Human Development Index of over 0.8. Although his popularity among segments of the Cuban populace nevertheless led to one developing without the government's involvement and would be used to judge each individuals devotion to his "revolutionary cause". Around 1990, he wrote software that allowed Russian Programs to be run on Japanese ones; the product was purchased by. Clubcarrière. It was absolutely impossible to contradict him on any subject whatsoever. [207] Feeling betrayed by Khrushchev, Castro was furious and soon fell ill.[208] Proposing a five-point plan, Castro demanded that the U.S. end its embargo, withdraw from Guantanamo Bay Naval Base, cease supporting dissidents, and stop violating Cuban air space and territorial waters. [237] Despite the economic issues, many of Castro's social reforms were popular, with the population largely supportive of the "Achievements of the Revolution" in education, medical care, housing, and road construction, as well as the policies of "direct democratic" public consultation. [37] Castro continued to put himself at risk, staying active in the city's politics and joining the 30 September Movement, which contained within it both communists and members of the Partido Ortodoxo. [27], In April 1948, Castro traveled to Bogotá, Colombia, leading a Cuban student group sponsored by President Juan Perón's Argentine government. Following the Soviet Union's dissolution in 1991, Castro led Cuba through the economic downturn of the "Special Period", embracing environmentalist and anti-globalization ideas. [367] In March 2012, Pope Benedict XVI visited Cuba for three days, during which time he briefly met with Castro despite the Pope's vocal opposition to Cuba's government. [358], Following his retirement, Castro's health deteriorated; international press speculated that he had diverticulitis, but Cuba's government refused to corroborate this. Much more affable and outgoing, he was initially trained as an engineer as well but instead became a photographer and cameraman for, Alejandro Castro Del Valle, born in 1969. [41] Caring little for money or material goods, Castro failed to pay his bills; his furniture was repossessed and electricity cut off, distressing his wife. Fidel would then make a mental mark of the individual as an "idiot", and would wait for the right time to retaliate against them. His speech was greeted with much applause from other world leaders,[272] though his standing in NAM was damaged by Cuba's refusal to condemn the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan.[273]. [20] The American historian John Lewis Gaddis wrote that Castro "...began his career as a revolutionary with no ideology at all: he was a student politician turned street fighter turned guerrilla, a voracious reader, an interminable speaker, and a pretty good baseball player. [10] Although Castro took an interest in history, geography, and debating at Belén, he did not excel academically, instead devoting much of his time to playing sports. [218] In October 1965, the Integrated Revolutionary Organizations was officially renamed the "Cuban Communist Party" and published the membership of its Central Committee. [19] In later years, anti-Castro dissidents accused him of committing gang-related assassinations at the time, but these accusations remain unproven. [182] Both President Eisenhower and his successor President Kennedy supported a CIA plan to aid a dissident militia, the Democratic Revolutionary Front, to invade Cuba and overthrow Castro; the plan resulted in the Bay of Pigs Invasion in April 1961. He seems to be sincere. [472], Fidel had another daughter, Francisca Pupo (born 1953), the result of a one-night affair. Castro began his career in 1923/24 with Nacional and was the first player to score in a World Cup game for Uruguay. [322], In the early 1990s Castro embraced environmentalism, campaigning against global warming and the waste of natural resources, and accusing the U.S. of being the world's primary polluter. [17], In 1947, Castro joined the Party of the Cuban People (or Orthodox Party; Partido Ortodoxo), founded by veteran politician Eduardo Chibás. [343] Castro criticized the 2003 invasion of Iraq, saying that the U.S.-led war had imposed an international "law of the jungle". Although described as a "relatively highly developed Latin American export economy" in 1959 and the early 1960s, Cuba's basic economic structure changed very little between then and the 1980s. Fidel Alejandro Castro Ruz (ääntäminen) (13. elokuuta 1926 Birán, Kuuba – 25. marraskuuta 2016 Havanna, Kuuba) oli Kuuban pitkäaikainen presidentti ja Kuuban kommunistisen puolueen pääsihteeri, joka johti Kuubaa vuosina 1959–2008. [383] As a Marxist, Castro sought to transform Cuba from a capitalist state which was dominated by foreign imperialism to a socialist society and ultimately to a communist society.
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